{"id":50562,"date":"2026-04-01T19:45:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T16:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/copew.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=50562"},"modified":"2026-04-01T19:45:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T16:45:23","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84%d9%84-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/copew.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=50562","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

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\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u060c\u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
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\n\u0623\u062b\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md”][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: (\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 15-16\/4\/2026 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (Peer Review)\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u060c\u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629” .<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062b\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

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<\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text] \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b … <\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":50567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-18"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/copew.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=50562\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 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